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Camera
Filters
Camera filters
are designed to control specific types of light, protect
expensive lenses, create special effects or enhance qualities
of light that reach a camera’s film or sensors. Digital
photography has removed some of the need for certain types of
filtration due to the ability to manipulate the file formats
after a picture has been taken. But in some cases, images may
require more than tweaks to produce a high quality end
product.
Polarizing
filters are perhaps the most common type of camera filter and
still remain relevant for both digital and film photography.
Their main purpose is to reduce reflected light. By limiting
this one type of light, glare is reduced and greater colour
vibrancy or colour saturation is achieved.
Ultra-violet
light filters have lost much of their importance with the
sophistication of digital sensors, except as protectors of
other lenses. Ultra-violet light is invisible to human eyes,
but adversely affects contrast on developed film.
A third type of
filters is colour or gelatin filters, colour correcting or
subtracting filters. Though rarely actual gelatin, these
filters act as a way of limiting the overwhelming effects of
certain types of light. In tungsten (normal household) orange
shades predominate or in fluorescent light a bluish tinge
often is noticed. Colour filters can neutralize or correct for
these effects.
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Photographers
often wish to create sharp backgrounds with but allow motion
to be softened or blurred, such as cars or people walking by.
Under normal circumstances, such images would be impossible to
capture due to the amount of light that would be absorbed. A
neutral density filter reduces light of all wavelengths. This
allows for greater exposure time. Waterfalls, waves,
bicyclists can become blurs or even invisible while a
landscape or city scene is captured.
Many creative
photographic effects can be achieved using special purpose
filters, such as image softening filters for portraits. These
filters obscure or make fuzzy the details of much of the
subject to create a faux frame within the image. Radial zoom
filters also highlight the center, but the colours and light
radiates out. Pointed star filters are another tool in
photographer’s bag. These filters add a dramatic effect to a
light source or cityscape.
Many of
the most impressive photographs we see are dependent on
prudent use of photographic filters. These tools don’t merely
jazz up images, but allow the qualities of a scene to be fully
appreciated.
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